Boost Your Protein Intake: Key to Preventing Muscle Loss with GLP-1 Weight Loss Drugs

Existing research indicates that GLP-1 medications used for weight loss can lead to decreased muscle and bone density, as well as a reduced resting metabolic rate, potentially causing sarcopenia—a condition characterized by loss of muscle mass, strength, and functionality.

Kais Rona, MD, a bariatric surgeon at MemorialCare Surgical Weight Loss Center in Fountain Valley, CA, who was not part of the study, explained that muscles tend to be lost quicker than fat during weight reduction efforts.

“Maintaining muscle requires more energy from the body than maintaining fat, making muscle tissue more prone to breakdown,” Rona shared with Healthline.

He further noted that the significantly higher rate of muscle loss directly results from muscle’s greater metabolic demands compared to fat.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1s), initially developed for diabetes management, have become highly popular for their weight loss benefits.

Semaglutide, sold as Ozempic, is frequently prescribed off-label for weight loss, while Wegovy, which also includes semaglutide, has received FDA approval for this use.

Additionally, Zepbound and Mounjaro (tirzepatide) are emerging as potent weight loss drugs, with Mounjaro being prescribed off-label and Zepbound approved by the FDA for chronic weight management.

“These medications significantly suppress appetite in addition to reducing food intake by slowing gastrointestinal function,” Rona explained.

As a result, reduced food intake due to these medications often leads to lower protein consumption.

“Proteins serve as the building blocks of muscle tissue, and insufficient protein intake can result in muscle tissue breakdown, leading to loss of muscle mass,” Rona stated.

Rona emphasized that a regimen of strength and resistance training is crucial for maintaining muscle while using GLP-1 drugs.

He also advocated for a strong protein intake. “I usually recommend patients consume 1.2 to 1.5 grams of protein per kilogram of their body weight daily,” he said.

Michelle Routhenstein, a registered dietitian specializing in heart health, concurred that strength training and a higher protein intake can aid in preserving muscle mass.

“These two approaches work synergistically to stimulate muscle-protein synthesis and decrease the risk of muscle loss during weight loss,” Routhenstein told Healthline.

“Lean protein aids in weight management and muscle maintenance by promoting satiety, helping control appetite, and preserving muscle during weight loss, especially when paired with resistance training,” she added.

Rona noted that protein is a macronutrient that induces “physiological changes that help maintain a healthy weight and muscle mass.”

He added that diets high in protein have been shown to reduce hunger, increase satiety, and improve metabolism.

Routhenstein suggested opting for lean animal protein sources such as:

• skinless poultry
• fatty fish (salmon, sardines, tuna)
• dairy (Greek yogurt)

She also pointed out plant-based alternatives, including legumes (like lentils or black beans) and soy products (such as tempeh or tofu).

Routhenstein stressed the importance of a balanced diet for those aiming to lose weight.

“The body also requires healthy fats and carbohydrates to fuel workouts, support hormone function, and promote overall health,” she said. “Focusing solely on protein at the expense of other nutrients can lead to nutritional imbalances and may not support long-term muscle health or disease prevention.”

Rona mentioned that dietary supplements like daily multivitamins might be beneficial for some individuals while using GLP-1 medications. “Discussing this with your healthcare provider is crucial,” he advised.

Individuals with chronic health issues, such as kidney or heart disease, should consult their healthcare team before making significant dietary changes.